Glossary of Musical Terms
Andantino – A tempo marking, indicating that a piece or section of music should be played slightly faster than andante (about 80-108 bpm).
Legato – A kind of articulation that indicates the marked notes are to be played smoothly and connected, with no intervening silence when transitioning from one note to another. Marked with the word legato or with a curved line (called a slur) drawn over or under the affected notes, like this.
Étude – An instrumental composition that is written to provide material for practicing and perfecting a given musical skill/technique. Was not originally designed as a standalone concert genre, but was popularized as such in the Romantic Era by composers like Chopin (of course), Franz Liszt, and Charles-Valentin Alkan, among others.
Chorus – Has multiple meanings. Can refer to the chorus, the line or lines repeated throughout a song (also called a refrain), which in popular music typically contrasts with the verse melodically, rhythmically, and/or harmonically; the chorus effect, wherein multiple sounds are perceived as one; chorus form (more commonly called strophic form), a song structure in which all the verses or stanzas are sung to the same underlying music; or a chorus/choir, a musical ensemble made up of singers that may or may not have an instrumental accompanist, depending on the piece being performed.
Score – Aka sheet music, i.e. the piece of paper or .pdf with all the notes on it.
Viola – A string instrument in the violin family, slightly larger than one, with very similar construction, and deeper in pitch (but higher in pitch than a cello). Is unique among most instruments in that it primarily uses the alto clef. Perhaps partially because of this (nobody likes reading alto clef), the viola is the butt of a lot of jokes for some reason.
Arco – A directive for string instruments indicating it is to be played the normal way, by drawing the bow across the strings. This is the default way of playing for string instruments that use a bow, and is usually not specifically marked unless the music is returning to arco after a contrasting section using a different technique.
Andantino – A tempo marking, indicating that a piece or section of music should be played slightly faster than andante (about 80-108 bpm).
Legato – A kind of articulation that indicates the marked notes are to be played smoothly and connected, with no intervening silence when transitioning from one note to another. Marked with the word legato or with a curved line (called a slur) drawn over or under the affected notes, like this.
Étude – An instrumental composition that is written to provide material for practicing and perfecting a given musical skill/technique. Was not originally designed as a standalone concert genre, but was popularized as such in the Romantic Era by composers like Chopin (of course), Franz Liszt, and Charles-Valentin Alkan, among others.
Chorus – Has multiple meanings. Can refer to the chorus, the line or lines repeated throughout a song (also called a refrain), which in popular music typically contrasts with the verse melodically, rhythmically, and/or harmonically; the chorus effect, wherein multiple sounds are perceived as one; chorus form (more commonly called strophic form), a song structure in which all the verses or stanzas are sung to the same underlying music; or a chorus/choir, a musical ensemble made up of singers that may or may not have an instrumental accompanist, depending on the piece being performed.
Score – Aka sheet music, i.e. the piece of paper or .pdf with all the notes on it.
Viola – A string instrument in the violin family, slightly larger than one, with very similar construction, and deeper in pitch (but higher in pitch than a cello). Is unique among most instruments in that it primarily uses the alto clef. Perhaps partially because of this (nobody likes reading alto clef), the viola is the butt of a lot of jokes for some reason.
Arco – A directive for string instruments indicating it is to be played the normal way, by drawing the bow across the strings. This is the default way of playing for string instruments that use a bow, and is usually not specifically marked unless the music is returning to arco after a contrasting section using a different technique.